White Papers
In-depth research papers examining the theoretical foundations, methodology, and practical applications of synthetic survey data.
Evaluating Synthetic Survey Estimates: Reducing Noise While Preserving Opinion Structure
Presents a validation framework for evaluating synthetic survey estimates as model-based estimators of opinion structure. Using a physician sarcopenia study as a case example, demonstrates that synthetic estimates can reduce sampling noise and improve internal consistency while preserving clinically plausible patterns.
Synthetic Respondents as Preference Oracles for Agentic Commerce Systems
Demonstrates that synthetic survey respondents can serve as preference oracles for agentic commerce systems, generating actionable consumer preference data at the speed and scale AI agents require. Presents three empirical studies across occasion-based shopping, brand switching, and autonomy thresholds.
Validation Studies
Each validation study compares live survey data distributions with synthetic survey data distributions using established statistical divergence measures. For details on our validation methodology and metrics, see our Validation Framework page.
AMA Prior Authorization Survey
Validation of synthetic survey data against the American Medical Association's Prior Authorization survey, comparing physician responses on administrative burden, treatment delays, and practice impact across multiple question types.
Commonwealth Fund / Kaiser 2015 National Survey of Primary Care Providers
Benchmarking synthetic data against the Commonwealth Fund and Kaiser Family Foundation's national survey of primary care providers, covering practice patterns, care coordination, and healthcare delivery topics.
Consumer Returns in Retail Industry Survey
Validation against Happy Returns' consumer survey on retail return behaviors, preferences, and attitudes, comparing synthetic and live respondent distributions across consumer shopping and return patterns.
IFIC Food & Health Survey
Benchmarking synthetic data against the International Food Information Council's Food and Health Survey, covering consumer attitudes toward food safety, nutrition, and dietary choices.
Physician Sarcopenia Knowledge Survey
Validation against a published physician survey on sarcopenia knowledge and clinical practice, comparing synthetic data with results from the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society study.
Walmart Retail Rewired 2025 Survey
Validation against Walmart's Retail Rewired 2025 consumer survey, benchmarking synthetic data on retail technology adoption, shopping preferences, and consumer behavior trends.